Border Patrol agents from the Colville, Wash. Border Patrol Station patrol the Columbia River near the U.S.- Canada border, August 16, 2023. CBP photo by Jerry Glaser
Question:
You have served on both the southern and the northern borders. Aside from the obvious geographical differences between the two, what are some of the less obvious things that distinguish them from each other?
Answer:
So when you're on the southwest border and you walk into a room, usually you're the big agency on the block. The Border Patrol usually has more manpower in an area than most of its other partner agencies, and everybody works together really well. The tempo is really, really fast paced in most cases.
When you're up on the northern border, that's not the case. A lot of times you are not the largest agency and you simply cannot do your job without securing those partnerships and relying on the state and local authorities. A lot of times the places that you live on the northern border are very, very remote, in very extreme conditions.
The families had a situation not too long ago where the northern border agents had to be detailed down to the southern border and they were gone for a long time. And a lot of folks, I don't think, understood what that did to those agents and their families, because when you're in a place that has three feet of snow and you're not there, who's going to shovel their driveways? Who's going to chop firewood? Who's going to take care of the maintenance issues around the house, wherever you're gone? Those are things that are very real to somebody on the northern border that that might not be elsewhere.
So life is very different. The job is very different. The tempo is very different. You may not catch a thousand people a day up there, but generally whenever you do catch a criminal, it's significant.
Question:
Let's move a little bit into the technology arena. I know that you've probably seen tremendous change over the course of your career. What's been the most significant technology or technologies that has impacted the Border Patrol?
Answer:
Two things. First, I go back to when I first started, we had just started getting the RVSS, or Remote Video Surveillance System cameras. These are the remote cameras that actually could keep surveillance on an area of the border. Those a were relatively new and still being deployed. Prior to that, we had ground sensors that were seismic, infrared, magnetic that generally would tell us something was there, something was moving, but we didn't know what we had. And before that it was just good old-fashioned binoculars and the sign-cut.
The cameras being deployed were a game changer because it actually got us into a space where we could keep surveillance and situational awareness on an area without having an agent physically having to be there at all times. Game changing. And we've only evolved from there for the better.
The second piece of technology that I'm going to say is the TAK gear, or tactical awareness kits, so everything being done on these cell phones. It enables our agents out in the field to know exactly where each other is when something is happening, including important landmarks. They can access systems and databases. So it brings technology in the world to the agent, no matter where they are in these remote locations, which not only helps them do their job better, it helps them be safe because they are able to more quickly know who's there in front of them, and who they're facing.
They know where their backup is. It knows where they are. I think that piece was another hugely important piece of technology that really gave us more of an advantage than we've ever had before in the operational environment.
Question:
One aspect of technology that's getting a whole lot of buzz in the media, as you know, is artificial intelligence. What do you see? How will that intersect with Border Patrol?
Answer:
So I think AI’s got an important use on several fronts. Number one, it needs to be looked at as a force multiplier, just like we look at technology, equipment, and infrastructure as force multipliers. Everything revolves around the agent on the ground. Without that agent, nothing else matters. Artificial intelligence is just another spoke in that wheel around the hub that is the agent.
So we have the camera technology I referred to earlier, in the past we had the RVSS cameras that have to be operated by one person looking at one screen, moving the camera around. But now, leveraging A.I., those cameras can maintain surveillance on an area on their own and they can actually learn to detect traffic. They know if the traffic is an animal, they know if it's a person, and they actually can alert an agent that's in the control room: “Hey, you need to check this out. You need to see this.” That affords us the ability to have less agents in front of a camera and more out on patrol. That's one way.
The other way you can think about AI involves the sheer quantities of intelligence that CBP as a front-line agency collects. I don't think there's any agency that comes close to that. To be able to analyze that intelligence and come up with good intelligence products to drive our operations – that’s a huge lift. It normally takes a massive amount of manpower. By leveraging AI, they can actually go through that collected data and come up with coherent products of analysis that help drive our operations and our direction. Those are game changers for us. Those are two good examples of how AI has been helping us so far.
Question:
You have completed training in both BORTAC and BORSTAR. Only about two dozen other agents have actually done training in both of those missions. How have those training experiences, which are very, very intense, informed your approach to leadership and your perspective about the mission?
Answer:
There are two things that really stuck with me. Again, you know, coming into this relatively new, you know, I went to both because they excited me and there's things that I wanted to be a part of without really knowing what I was getting into. But I learned really quickly, it's not about a person's physical fortitude. That’s not what you look for. And it's not about just somebody's mental acuity alone. That's not enough. It's when the chips are down and a person is out of their comfort zone, is their character such that you can depend on them and rely on them? That's what those courses bring out in a person. That's what we're looking for because that's the kind of person that you want on your team.
So, you look for somebody that's going to be that, they're going to be there for you no matter what. They're going to be loyal. They need to have good judgment. You know, they need to take care of themselves, you know, that's important, too. But the most important quality that those types of courses bring out in the person is whenever the chips are down and you’re uncomfortable and you’re suffering, are you still going to be there for your team?
That's a lesson that I'll probably keep with me no matter where I go. The other aspect of it is that when you're part of a team, you just recognize that you're playing a role, whatever that role is. Wearing this rank, I'm still part of a team. It's a role that I play, but it doesn't mean that one person is more valuable than the other because I can be a Chief, but if I don't have the agents on the ground doing the job, then what am I here for?
It's a role that everybody plays. And whenever you're on a team like BORSTAR or BORTAC, whoever has the expertise, whoever has the skill set for that specific mission – they’re calling the shots and that's what you want. You just fall in and you do what you can so that the team is successful in that mission. You put the ego aside and you recognize that you're moving toward that common goal and you get things done. And it goes back to that old saying, “it's amazing what we can accomplish when you don't care who gets credit.”
Question:
Speaking of wanting people to be there for you when you need them to be ... As you know, Border Patrol agents face more assaults than just about any other law enforcement personnel. What are your thoughts about how to protect agents more effectively in an era where we've seen bad actors and criminals that have superior firepower?
Answer:
So there's two things that I think are very important in that regard. Number one is that we have to give them every tool and everything that they need to have an advantage in that situation so that it makes them less likely to be in danger in the first place. Secondly, knowing that there are bad actors out there, those bad actors and those criminals need to know that not only will there be a consequence for that action, but that consequence is going to be severe, dire, in fact.
They need to know that if they mess with one of our people, they're going to jail for a long time. They need to know that if they're going to try and harm one of our people, it's probably them who is going to get harmed, not our people. That makes them less likely to commit the act in the first place.
So first thing is prevention. Give our agents, our men and women out there, the tools and the training and expertise they need to have the advantage which makes their being in danger less likely. If that fails, that consequence has to be in place. It's going to deter that individual from wanting to commit the act against our agents.
Question:
I'm going to roll out a few stats here that I'm sure you're very familiar with. At the southern border, we've recorded 2.5 million encounters with migrants in Fiscal Year 2023, which is a new historic high and certainly a far cry from the numbers 100 years ago, which were 50,000, 100,000. The numbers arriving at our ports of entry more than doubled from 2022 to 2023. How does the U.S. Border Patrol adapt to these changing trends when the numbers are just growing so exponentially?
Answer:
I don't think that there's any agency out there that is better at adapting to dynamic situations than the United States Border Patrol. Go back to what I was talking about earlier. When I first started, we were exceptionally busy, but the way we processed migrants was entirely different. We didn't have all these complex pathways because for the most part, the people that we were catching, the demographic that was coming across, were single adult males from Mexico who were just coming across for economic reasons and sending remittance payments back home.
Now, fast forward to last year, I think it was 177 countries, different countries that we caught people making illegal entries from into the United States. And now these folks are coming in as family units, they’re coming as single adults, they're coming as unaccompanied children. Depending on what country they come from, there are different requirements.
Some of them are claiming asylum, some of them are criminals. Some of them are part of smuggling loads. Some of them are just coming across for economic reasons. Every single one of those conditions requires a different way of being treated, a different pathway, and it makes the job so much more complex.
So you can imagine the fact that we were able to successfully manage over 2.5 million entries in one year alone. It's a shame that we had to, but it also makes you proud because these agents, no matter what the what the challenge is, they rise to it and they overcome.
The other thing I'll say is we cannot forget that the mission, the reason why they exist, is the border security mission. They're supposed to be out there catching bad actors, narcotics, and weapons coming across that pose a danger to our communities. When they're faced with this migrant influx, of course they're going to try and do everything they can to help people. They don't want to see people suffer. So that's why you see literally thousands of rescues that our men and women do every single year. There's no agency out there that saves more migrant lives than the United States Border Patrol.
That said, it would be so much better if the migrants went to the port of entry. And that trend that you talked about continues. It continues to rise. Make a lawful entry. Don't put yourself in the hands of the smugglers. It's safer for the migrants. It's safer for my brothers and sisters that are out there. It's safer for the country because now we can go out on patrol and catch the bad actors that are trying to exploit the situation.
Question:
What would you say is the most important aspect about Border Patrol that the media and the general public tend to overlook in all of the debates and discussions we have about border security now? What is the one message that you think that is getting lost in the noise?
Answer:
We are the first piece of the system, but we are not the only piece of the system. So you'll see a lot of people that are frustrated. And one of the things that I see when I read social media posts or even in the media, you know, is that we're not doing our job or not following lawful orders, or that we’re betraying our oath. I’ve heard some terrible things that are being said about our men and women. Our job is law enforcement, which means we are not judge, jury, and executioner. Our job is to arrest people when they break the law. It's then up to the attorneys, the U.S. attorneys and the district attorneys, to present those cases, those charges. And it's up to the judge to decide if they are guilty or not.
That is not our job. You don't want a law enforcement agency that is trying to be judge, jury, and executioner. You want us to do our job the way that it's supposed to be done. If we tried to send everybody back and deny them their due process, that would be a violation of their rights. And you don't want a law enforcement organization to do that.
At the same time, you don't want somebody wearing a uniform like this that would sit there and watch women and children and families being swept away by the river to die. At the end of the day, you can be frustrated with the situation, but recognize that the Border Patrol is staying true to its mission and staying true to what it owes the American people.
And that is, we will arrest people that break the law. We will hand them off to the U.S. attorneys and the courts to decide if they're guilty or not. And that's our role.
Question:
What would you say is the most pressing challenge facing the Border Patrol today? In other words, what keeps you up at night?
Answer:
Not being able to get to the border security mission and facing the migrant influx and knowing that our adversaries – our true adversaries, which are the criminals and the cartels – are exploiting that. Knowing that we have people that are knowingly evading capture on purpose. We don’t know who they are. We don’t know what they’re bringing into the country. And we know that that represents a threat to the people of this country and our communities.
When we see the seizures that we make anyway at the checkpoints – the fentanyl and the hard narcotics – when we see that we’re arresting known gang members and convicted felons with violent criminal pasts, despite the fact that we’re facing this influx right now, just imagine what we’re not able to get to. You ask any Border Patrol agent and that’s probably what keeps them up at night.
Question:
What do we need to do about that? What kinds of resources do we need that we don’t have right now?
Answer:
Well, this is another misconception I think a lot of folks have about the border in general. The border is a very vast, vast, remote place. Think about this, almost 2,000 miles of border with Mexico, over 5,000 miles with Canada, about 95,000 miles of coast, including Alaska. It’s a huge area, so remote, so vast. When I say we have nearly 20,000 agents, that initially might sound like a lot but when you’re talking about trying to control and dominate an area like our border, 24/7/365, that number shrinks really fast.
To truly say that we can have border security, we have to have force multipliers. Those force multipliers make sure that we have awareness of what the threat is, what’s coming at us, and what they’re doing. It also helps keep those folks out on patrol. It improves the certainty of arrest.
We need more surveillance technology. We need state of the art equipment. We need top notch training. We need infrastructure that affords our men and women the ability to respond to the traffic in these remote areas. Physical barriers, that’s one of the tools that we talk about, it’s not the panacea that solves all our problems. But used in the right way as a tool, it’s absolutely invaluable. Our agents need all of those things coming together to give them the advantage in the operational environment to make sure that they’re able to secure the border and get home safely after every shift.
Question:
Looking back at the past century of the Border Patrol, it is a remarkable anniversary. How would you say that the history of the Border Patrol will guide it in its next hundred years?
Answer:
Our motto is “Honor First.” You know, when I was at the Academy, I had this talk with every new class that came in. More than just a motto, Honor First has to be our guiding principle. And what I mean by that is that it’s the way that we live, whether we’re on or off duty. It guides our actions, our decisions, our judgment.
It becomes who we are. That happens because wearing this uniform, this patch, is a tremendous source of pride for us. A main source of pride. It’s something that matters, it is something that we want to cherish and hang on to. That's why we call ourselves a family. There’s not that many people out there who can relate to the job that we do or what we go through, as family, but those of us that also wear this uniform.
That has been ingrained in all of us. And when we look back at those who paved the way and formed that legacy, you can't help but feel like you owe something to them to carry this forward and take care and nurture and cherish this. And I'll tell you, when every one of us retires and we step off the train and we watch the next generation take over, we want to always be able to look back with that same sense of pride and know that this family is in good hands.
That past 100 years has ingrained those values in us and is going to make sure that we carry forward in this same way, staying true to the mission and staying true to this organization that has meant so much to all of us.
Question:
As we look ahead to the next 100 years, what do you see on the horizon for the Border Patrol?
Answer:
I think a few things are going to change in our operational environment. I think with innovations in technology and equipment, with things like AI, we're going to eventually achieve the decisive advantage in the traditional operational domain. And I think that's going to mean that the enemy, the adversary, shifts to the nontraditional. And what I mean by that, I think they're going to start looking at more of the remote coastal areas, the areas on the Canadian border, and the cyber realm.
I think border security is going to take on an entirely different meaning, because eventually we're going to win. We're going to overcome and have the advantage against this adversary just by a war of attrition. The more cameras we deploy, the more sensors we have out there, the more roadways we've got, the more difficult it is for that adversary to bring things into our country and do it harm. They're not going to quit. They're going to look for other ways to do it. That's going to be the change that happens over the next hundred years.
